The following article is adapted from Basic Christian Maturity: The Foundations of Christian Living, edited by Steve Clark and Bruce Yocum, and published in1975 by (c) The Word of Life, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. It was developed as a teaching resource for Christian covenant communities and prayer groups in the charismatic renewal movement. - ed.

Background: What is "the world"?

"Do not love the world or the things in the world. We know that we are of God, and the whole world is in the power of the evil one" (1 John 2:15, 5:19).

These are puzzling passages. What does John mean when he refers to "the world"? The physical universe? No, the Scripture never describes the world as inherently evil. God approves of all that he has created (Genesis 1:31, 1 Timothy 4:4-5). The physical world is subject to the bondage of decay because of mankind's sin (Romans 8:20-21), but it is not evil in itself. Thus the passages in 1 John do not condemn the physical universe.

Could John mean "all people" when he writes of "the world"? John does occasionally use the word in this sense. For example, in his gospel he writes, "God so loved the world that he gave his only son" (John 3:16). However, this passage leads Christians to love "the world" even as "God so loved the world." In 1 John, "the world" must have a different meaning, for this letter-tells Christians, "do not love the world." What then does "the world" mean?

The world mentioned in 1 John is a system of relationships, ideas, and values opposed to the kingdom of God. This "world" is the Christian's enemy. It is society and culture separated from God and locked into patterns controlled by the kingdom of darkness. The world is a force which exerts a tremendous influence on Christians and non-Christians alike. Therefore, Christians should understand what "the world" is and how it forms relationships, ideas, and values.

The patterns of personal relationships in the world are contrary to the patterns in the kingdom of God. Worldly relationships are often warped by competition, mistrust, resentment, and manipulation. Relationships between men and women, based on fleeting emotional attachments, are poisoned by suspicion, fear, and exploitation. Authority relationships in families, jobs, and governments are bent by rebellion and the will to dominate. These patterns of relationships are contrary to God's desires.

The structure of worldly ideas is similarly distorted. Some popular philosophical, psychological, and artistic theories such as existentialism and humanistic psychology view the human person as a completely independent unit, sovereign in oneself, with no goals other than self-realization and the exercise of freedom. Other popular scientific theories such as behaviorism tend to view the human person as a machine to be programmed and redesigned for greater efficiency. Many contemporary thinkers dismiss objective truth as outmoded foolishness. Instead, they view truth as subjective and relative: truth is different for different people in different circumstances. These ideas pervading Western culture are hostile to the Christian understanding of reality.

Worldly values, largely based on non-Christian presuppositions, are similarly distorted. Indeed, many values commonly held in the world are openly antagonistic to Christian truth and ethics. Materialism exalts money and possessions; hedonism exalts pleasure; the thirst for power and prestige exalts domination. Such values are blatantly anti-Christian. Less easy to discern are the various ways that corrupt forms of independence and competitiveness are woven into the fabric of contemporary values. Many Christians have a hard time discerning this subtle corruption because independence and competitiveness are not always wrong. They can tell the difference by looking at their results. Worldly forms of independence lead to rebelliousness and failure to love. Worldly competitiveness leads to selfish ambition, envy, jealousy, and spite. Whether blatant or subtle, values in the world oppose the values of the kingdom of God.

Where is "the World"?
The world and the kingdom of God exist side by side in the same physical environment. To detect the world's influence on his life, the Christian must be able to discern the presence of worldly values, ideas, and relationships.

Often the contrast between the world and the kingdom of God is so sharp and clear that we need little discernment to tell the difference. We all know that forces hostile to God are dominant when men starve and kill each other, when family members carry on vendettas, when governments persecute Christians, and when teachers say there is no such thing as truth.

However, the world's opposition to God often operates more subtly in the Christian's life. How, for example, should we view the modern industrial corporation, one of society's most powerful institutions? The corporation provides jobs to people and it usually supplies goods and services which people need and which make life more pleasant. Yet the corporation is very much a part of "the world." The lord of the corporation is profit. The dominant values in corporate workers' lives tend to be ambition and competitiveness. The Christian in a corporation must guard against these traits in his own life, recognizing that they serve the lords of money and advancement.

The world's values similarly intermingle with worthwhile goals in the modern secular university. While the university admirably devotes itself to expansion of man's knowledge and to solution of man's problems, its efforts are usually based on the fallacious assumption that man holds his fate in his own hands. A Christian cannot share these beliefs; they belong to the world. To view the university in the proper perspective, the Christian must realize that the institution's goals and values are ultimately antagonistic toward Christian truth.

Thus the influence of the world often eludes easy detection. The test the Christian should use to discern the presence and influence of the world is this: "Is Jesus Christ honored here? Is he the Lord here? Do people in this environment openly proclaim and acknowledge him?" If the answer is "yes," then the Christian is in the presence of the kingdom of God. If the answer is "no"—if the lord of the environment is profit, or arrogant reason, or another value—then the Christian is in the presence of the world. The Christian should be careful not to use this test to make judgments about situations. His purpose is to discern patterns of relationships, ideas, and values which are non-Christian in origin and which cause problems in his personal life. The decisive question in this effort of discernment is "Is Jesus Christ honored here? Is he the Lord here?"

The Importance of the World for Christians
This question reveals the imposing presence of the world. No one can grow up today and remain uninfluenced by the world. When a person becomes a Christian and is baptized in the Spirit, he soon discovers that he has picked up from the world many values, ideas, and ways of relating which come from non-Christian sources and which hinder his growth in the Christian life. Being baptized in the Spirit does not automatically change these patterns and habits. They have been deeply ingrained in the Christian through years of living in families, schools, jobs, and other institutions which serve lords other than Jesus Christ. Environments mold people. Worldly environments mold people into worldly patterns of thinking and acting. Godly environments mold people in the image of Jesus. Only a truly Christian environment can reshape the worldly patterns of relating, thinking, and valuing which still cling to the new Christian.

What is Christian Community?
Christian community is God's answer to the world and its power to shape men's lives. God wants to build an environment that can heal and reform the lives of Christians and counteract the effects of the world. A Christian community is a group of people who openly proclaim the lordship of Jesus and declare their love of God by sharing their lives with other Christians. The community of men and women wholly devoted to Christ and to one another releases God's power to change men's lives, to reveal his love, and to resist and correct the influence of the world.

The people in a Christian community gather for one reason: to live an explicitly Christian life operating by the patterns of relationships, values, and ideas of the kingdom of God. God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit is at the heart of the common life of the group. God's presence is visible. A non-Christian who comes upon a Christian community knows that he has encountered something contrary to the ordinary patterns of the world.

A Christian community is not a series of Christian activities. Prayer meetings, Bible studies, evangelistic services, and social events are all important, but at the center of the Christian community is a firm commitment of love between each member of the body. Their personal relationships extend beyond formal activities into daily life. Members of the community rely upon one another for daily support through frequent contact, informal socializing, and by sharing material resources. The love within a Christian community cannot be confined to a few organized events, but overflows to envelop all of a person's life.

The Christian community is God's family—his sons and daughters. The Christian community meets together regularly for prayer and fellowship, just as a human family meets for meals and common entertainment. However, these formal, scheduled activities are insufficient in themselves to make a group of Christians into a community, just as a daily mealtime does not make blood relatives into a true family. The key to community—and to family life—is a firm unreserved commitment of love that spills over beyond the minimum commitment of participation in formal activities. Christian community grows as this commitment of love grows.

Thus Christian community is present wherever men and women are sharing their lives in committed, personal, openly-Christian relationships. Christian community does not refer solely to people who actually live together, sharing a common life-style. A parish, a congregation, a prayer group, or other settings, can be a Christian environment if this bond of love is present.

Means of Personal Growth in Christian Community
One of the major purposes of Christian community is to free Christians from the false ideas, values, and relationships of the world and to replace them with the life of the kingdom of God. How can community accomplish this purpose?

Teaching. The first way Christian community fosters growth is through teaching. A Christian community should offer courses of instruction in basic Christian living, such as the courses in The Foundations of Christian Living series. These courses should discuss Christian relationships, ideas, and values, and help people leave the ways of the world behind. A Christian community also offers an environment in which people observe, learn, and practice the new ways of thinking and relating. Experiences gained from actual living in community help kindle to life teachings given in courses of basic instruction.

For example, a teacher who has delivered a talk on Christian love has probably stressed the meaning of committed personal love and the importance of serving others as an expression of Christian love. However, these concepts remain merely abstractions unless the individual receiving the teaching has observed people loving and serving each other and has a chance to do so himself. In a healthy Christian community, teaching reinforces community life, and community life reinforces teaching. The learning process thus combines both formal instruction and personal experience.

Personal Relationships. Members of a Christian community grow out of old patterns and habits inherited from the world by participating in stable, healthy personal relationships. Receiving God's love through other Christians is one of the most effective means of healing and change in the Christian life. The scars of past relationships in the world often produce resentment, mistrust, and independence. Personal relationships of love in Christian community can heal these wounds and form new patterns of relating.

Pastoral Guidance. Christian community also helps change worldly patterns through the assistance of pastors and mature brothers and sisters in the Lord. When a person first becomes a Christian and enters into Christian community, he is like a man moving from one country to another. The terrain, climate, laws, customs, and language will probably differ in the new country. To understand the new style of life, the man can read books and magazines, attend lectures, watch television. However, the greatest help he can have is a set of friends who have lived in the new country for many years and who are familiar with both the old country and the new. Such friends can answer specific questions and give practical counsel especially applicable to the life of the newly arrived immigrant. This is one of the services performed by pastors and mature brothers and sisters in the Christian community. Experience and maturity equip them with the wisdom to discern the types of relationships, ideas, and values appropriate to the Christian community. They are thus able to help newer, less experienced individuals grow out of worldly patterns and into the patterns of the kingdom of God.

Christian Community: Light of the World
Christian community frees men from bondage to the world, but it has another purpose, ultimately more central to God's plan of salvation. Christian community is a source of life for the world. It stands in stark contrast to the world because it is in the very midst of the world, like a candle in a dark room. God sends the body of Christ into the world, even as he sent Jesus into the world (John 17:18): that the light of God might brighten the darkness. "You are the light of the world. A city set on a hill cannot be hid" (Matthew 5:14).

Thus a Christian community does not stand isolated from the world, but instead stands in the world as a visible, tangible witness to the love of God. This love might be expressed in explicit service to the world, such as caring for the poor, elderly, sick, disabled, and imprisoned. It might be expressed in evangelism—the active proclamation of the good news of Jesus Christ. Or it might simply be expressed in the unity and love of the Christian community, a visible sign to the world that God is present and powerful.

Paradoxically, the Christian community liberates people from worldly bondage and at the same time calls them to serve the world which God created and loves. This is how God's people can be in the world but not of the world, loving the world but combating its ways, simultaneously standing as a sign of God's mercy and God's judgment.

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This article is adapted from Basic Christian Maturity: The Foundations of Christian Living, edited by Steve Clark and Bruce Yocum, and published in1975 by (c) The Word of Life, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

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Steve Clark has been a founding leader, author, and teacher for the Catholic charismatic renewal since its inception in 1967. Steve is past president of the Sword of the Spirit, an international ecumenical association of charismatic covenant communities worldwide. He is the founder of the Servants of the Word, an ecumenical international missionary brotherhood of men living single for the Lord.

Steve Clark has authored a number of books, including Baptized in the Spirit and Spiritual Gifts, Finding New Life in the Spirit, Growing in Faith, and Knowing God’s Will, Building Christian Communities, Man and Woman in Christ, The Old Testament in Light of the New.

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